[FIXED] Making a calculator to find the magnitude of a vector on Tkinter

Issue

I've been trying to make a calculator that finds the magnitude of a given 3-dimensional vector using Tkinter on the Jupyter Notebook for my Electromagnetics class.

I've arrived at the following code, which kind of works but it has 3 entry widgets for each of the input coordinates and the numbers entered appear only in the last widget corresponding to the z-coordinate. The code:

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

root.title("Calculator")

coordinates = []

n=0

X = Entry(root)
X.insert(END, "Enter the x-coordinate")
X.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=12, pady=15)

Y = Entry(root)
Y.insert(END, "Enter the y-coordinate")
Y.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=12, pady=15)

Z = Entry(root)
Z.insert(END, "Enter the z-coordinate")
Z.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=12, pady=15)

def x():
    global n
    n=1
    
def y():
    global n
    n=2
    
def z():
    global n
    n=3
    
def S(m):
    if n == 1:
        a = X.get()
        X.delete(0,END)
        X.insert(0,str(a)+str(m))
        coordinates.append(X)
    if n == 2:
        b = Y.get()
        Y.delete(0,END)
        Y.insert(0,str(b)+str(m))
        coordinates.append(Y)
    if n == 3:
        c = Z.get()
        Z.delete(0,END)
        Z.insert(0,str(c)+str(m))
        coordinates.append(Z)
        
def clear():
    X.delete(0,END)
    Y.delete(0,END)
    Z.delete(0,END)
    
def equal():
    sq = 0
    for d in coordinates:
        e = float(d.get())
        sq = sq + e**2 
    mag = sq**0.5
    val = Label(root, text="The magnitude of the vector is: " + str(mag))
    val.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=12, pady=15)
    
b1 = Button(root, text="1", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("1"))
b2 = Button(root, text="2", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("2"))
b3 = Button(root, text="3", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("3"))
b4 = Button(root, text="4", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("4"))
b5 = Button(root, text="5", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("5"))
b6 = Button(root, text="6", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("6"))
b7 = Button(root, text="7", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("7"))
b8 = Button(root, text="8", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("8"))
b9 = Button(root, text="9", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("9"))
b0 = Button(root, text="0", padx=30, pady=15, command=lambda: S("0"))
bx = Button(root, text="x", padx=30, pady=15, command=x())
by = Button(root, text="y", padx=30, pady=15, command=y())
bz = Button(root, text="z", padx=30, pady=15, command=z())
bclear = Button(root, text="Clear", padx=19, pady=15, command=clear)
bequal = Button(root, text="=", padx=29, pady=15, command=equal)

b1.grid(row=6, column=0)
b2.grid(row=6, column=1)
b3.grid(row=6, column=2)
b4.grid(row=5, column=0)
b5.grid(row=5, column=1)
b6.grid(row=5, column=2)
b7.grid(row=4, column=0)
b8.grid(row=4, column=1)
b9.grid(row=4, column=2)
b0.grid(row=7, column=1)
bx.grid(row=8, column=0)
by.grid(row=8, column=1)
bz.grid(row=8, column=2)
bclear.grid(row=7, column=2)
bequal.grid(row=7, column=0)

root.mainloop()

Regardless of whether I use the buttons x, y or z, only the third entry widget accepts input. How do I work through this?

Solution

You shouldn't be "calling" the function directly with the command of buttons, instead say:

bx = Button(root, text="x", padx=30, pady=15, command=x)
by = Button(root, text="y", padx=30, pady=15, command=y)
bz = Button(root, text="z", padx=30, pady=15, command=z)

When you use () you are calling the function, so to get rid of that, remove the (), so the function is called(invoked) only when you press the button.

Answered By - Cool Cloud